Prostate Cancer in Men: Who Is Most at Risk, Early Signs, and Expert Prevention Tips

Prostate cancer is one of the most common and serious health issues affecting men worldwide. In its early stages, the symptoms are often subtle or easily overlooked — making early detection challenging. To understand who is most at risk, what symptoms to watch for, and how this disease can be prevented, we spoke to Dr. Rohit Kapoor, Senior Oncologist at Max Hospital.

What Is Prostate Cancer?

The prostate is a small gland located just below the urinary bladder and around the urethra — the tube that carries urine out of the body. Its main function is to produce semen, the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.

Prostate cancer develops when the cells within this gland begin to grow uncontrollably. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year, with the majority being over the age of 50. Although medical research has advanced significantly, the exact cause of this cancer is still not completely understood.

Major Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

Dr. Kapoor explains that prostate cancer is often linked to a combination of genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. As men age, changes in the testosterone hormone can trigger abnormal cell growth in the prostate. However, age is not the only contributing factor.

Here are some of the most common risks associated with prostate cancer:

• Advancing age: The risk increases significantly after the age of 50.

• Family history: Men whose father or brother had prostate cancer are at higher risk.

• Diet and lifestyle: A diet high in fat, red meat, and processed foods can contribute to cancer development.

• Obesity and inactivity: Lack of regular physical exercise and obesity are known risk factors.

• Smoking and alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking damage prostate cells and may raise cancer risk.

Early Warning Signs to Watch For

One of the biggest challenges with prostate cancer is that it progresses silently in its early stages. Many men ignore the initial symptoms, assuming they are related to aging or urinary tract issues.

Common early signs include:

• Frequent urination, especially at night

• Difficulty starting or stopping urination

• Burning sensation or pain while urinating

• Blood in the urine or semen

• Discomfort in the lower back, hips, or thighs

As the cancer advances, more serious symptoms may appear, such as bone pain, unexplained weight loss, and chronic fatigue. If left untreated, prostate cancer can spread to other organs, making treatment far more complicated.

Expert Advice: How to Prevent Prostate Cancer

Dr. Kapoor emphasizes that while prostate cancer cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle changes and routine screenings can drastically reduce the risk.

Here are some expert-backed prevention tips:

• Get regular screenings: Men above 50 should undergo a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and physical examination annually.

• Adopt a balanced diet: Include fiber-rich foods, fruits, whole grains, and leafy vegetables.

• Avoid fatty and processed foods: Limit the intake of red meat, fried items, and saturated fats.

• Quit smoking and limit alcohol: Both habits increase oxidative stress, leading to cell damage.

• Exercise regularly: A 30-minute daily walk or light physical activity can help maintain hormonal balance.

• Manage stress and sleep well: Mental health plays a crucial role in maintaining overall well-being.

• Never ignore unusual symptoms: Any changes in urination or pain in the pelvic area should be evaluated immediately.

Bottom Line

Prostate cancer can be life-threatening, but when detected early, it is highly treatable. Awareness, preventive care, and timely medical consultation can make all the difference. Experts urge men — especially those over 50 — to pay attention to even the slightest signs of discomfort and to make proactive health checkups a part of their routine.

Taking charge of your lifestyle today can go a long way in protecting your health tomorrow.